How to exit your business - article from Investors Business Daily quoting Bruce Fenton
Plenty Of Planning Makes It Easier To Close Your Shop A big key to
heading out the door is THE EXIT
Investor's Business Daily
Plenty Of Planning Makes It Easier To Close Your Shop THE EXIT A big key to
heading out the door is making the firm's numbers work.
Tom Christo had been in business with his family for 23 years when the Christo
clan sold its restaurant.
Two generations of Christos had run the Worcester, Mass., eatery bearing the
family name. But the next generation of Christos lacked the experience and
interest in keeping it a family affair, Christo says. So the restaurant - which
featured an American-style menu spiced by Balkan specialties like lamb shish
kebab - was sold to eager outsiders.
"As a family, we decided our time had come to exit the restaurant business,"
said Christo, who owned the establishment with his parents, sister and
brother-in-law.
The restaurant sold just seven months after going on the block.
Such speed depends on executing a number of steps.
"It doesn't matter what industry an owner's in," said Lindsey Alley, a banker
and head of mergers and acquisitions for Houlihan Lokey Howard & Zukin. It's an
investment banking firm in Los Angeles.
The Christos happened to use a business broker to guide them through those
steps. That saved them from trying to figure out the recipe for selling their
business.
Getting Help
"For most owners, selling a business without professional help is a sure-fire
formula for creating delays and possible heartache," said Bruce Fenton,
president of Atlantic Financial, an asset advisory service in Westboro, Mass.
The steps are what make the difference.
"The most important thing is to get the house in order," said Christopher
George, the broker who advised the Christos. "That means cleaning up your
business records." For many owners, it requires reversing long-time habits.
"Many small-business owners try to minimize their tax obligations," George said.
"Their bookkeeping is, shall we say, creative. Getting your house in order means
making sure all of your income hits the books." After all, to get the top price
you must show the full potential of your firm's revenue and earnings.
The second step is to plan ahead.
"Start cleaning up your financial records and everything else six months to two
years before your target sale date," George said.
For one thing, it takes time to break old habits.
Maybe you used to expense personal items through your business. That was a way
to cut taxes by boosting costs. And it was a way to cut out-of-pocket spending
on perks like a luxury car.
But now those indulgences are a drag on your bottom line.
Besides, a smart buyer will spot them. That might make him wonder how much of
your income is padded, too. That could undercut your asking price.
A head start also gives you time to legitimately turbocharge your firm.
"We went into prep mode," Christo said. "The year before we sold it, we actually
grew our business more than we ever did. We started some aggressive advertising.
It was beneficial beyond our wildest dreams." Business grew to 5,000 meals a
week from 4,000. That beefed up revenue by up to 30%. Profit climbed 10%.
Planning ahead helps you avoid headaches.
"You've got to have a buy-sell agreement in place if you have more than one
owner," George said. "That spells out how one can buy the business from another.
It can spell out how proceeds from a sale to a third party are divided." If the
sale is by an older family member to a younger relative, it can spell out
everything from the format of a sale - which impacts tax fallout - to who gets
to use the corner office for how long.
Targeting a sale price is step three.
A realistic price is similar to what it would cost to buy your typical
competitor. That boils down to the profit a buyer can expect. But a pricing stew
contains many ingredients. Does your business dominate its peers? How fast are
your sales and profit growing? Can a buyer expect those trends to continue? One
threat to continued profit growth is the loss of key assets.
"If you've got a really good salesperson, lock him in with a long-term
contract," George said. "Show a buyer that when he unlocks the door in the
morning the phones will ring and business will come in, even though you're no
longer there." You probably have an idea what businesses like yours sell for,
Fenton says. "You can also look for data in industry trade publications," he
said. "And look at how much big players in your business pay for acquisitions."
Learn what pricing formulas are used in your own industry. And identify what
makes your business different from competitors.
"A restaurant," Christo said, "might sell for more if it's located on an
attractive beach. Or it might sell for less if it's near a smelly factory." In
the end, you may get a more useful target price by consulting an appraiser or
business broker. "A professional won't get misled by the emotional attachment
you have for your business," Fenton said.
You must understand the tax consequences of a sale. That starts with recognizing
what's easiest to sell.
Typically, an entrepreneur will prefer to buy your assets than your whole
company.
"A buyer also doesn't want to find himself holding the bag for your corporate
liabilities like future lawsuits," George said.
Plus, the buyer is looking forward to depreciating assets.
"By buying assets, his basis is what he paid as opposed to what the seller had
depreciated it to," said Michael Brockelman, head of estate and tax planning at
Bowditch & Dewey, a Massachusetts law firm. "In many cases, he paid more than
what the depreciated basis to the seller had become." That means he can
depreciate more, thereby cutting his taxes more.
Sidestepping Taxes
Sellers tend to prefer selling their company outright. That's because the sale
of stock avoids double taxation. On a sale of assets, first your firm is taxed
on any gain. Then you are taxed when you sell the stock.
One solution: indemnifying a buyer, up to a specific limit, for certain lawsuits
against your old firm, says Alley.
Another solution: Convert from a 'C' corporation to an 'S' corporation. To get
the full tax benefit, you must do so at least 10 years before a sale, George
says.
A third option: "Sell your assets. Keep the company going, especially if you're
being paid over time by the buyers," George said.
In any event, selling out all at once generally creates a bigger tax bill than
sale by installments.
"But periodic payments entail risk factors," Alley said. "And you won't get the
clean exit without headaches you may prefer." If you're asked to take on those
risks and headaches, you might want to boost your asking price.
Selling a business can be as time-consuming as running one. That's one of the
best arguments in favor of hiring professional help.
It's important to hire the right type of professional.
"Sure, you can save a little money by calling your Uncle Frank, the real-estate
lawyer," George said. "But you'll avoid a lot of hassles if you don't call Uncle
Frank."
(c)
2002 Investor's Business Daily
31 October 2002
English